N'ime ụlọ ọrụ netwọkụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) na VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network) bụ teknụzụ izizi netwọkụ abụọ a na-ahụkarị. Ha nwere ike iyi ka ha yitere, mana enwere ọtụtụ isi ihe dị iche.
VLAN (Network Mpaghara Mpaghara Virtual)
VLAN bụ Virtual Local Area Network (Virtual local area network) ndebiri. Ọ bụ usoro na-ekewa ngwaọrụ anụ ahụ na LAN n'ime ọtụtụ subnet dị ka mmekọrịta ezi uche dị na ya si dị. A na-ahazi VLAN na mgbanwe netwọk iji kewaa ngwaọrụ netwọk n'ime otu ezi uche dị iche iche. N'agbanyeghị na ngwaọrụ ndị a nwere ike ịnọ n'ụzọ anụ ahụ n'ebe dị iche iche, VLAN na-enyere ha aka ịbanye n'otu netwọkụ ahụ, na-enye njikwa mgbanwe na ikewapụ ya.
Isi teknụzụ VLAN dị na nkewa nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ejikwa okporo ụzọ dabere na VLAN ID (ihe nchọpụta VLAN). VLAN ids sitere na 1 ruo 4095 ma na-abụkarị ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ 12 (ya bụ, nso 0 ruo 4095), nke pụtara na ngbanwe nwere ike ịkwado ihe ruru 4,096 VLan.
Usoro ọrụ
○ Identification VLAN: Mgbe ngwugwu abanye n'ime mgbanwe, onye na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ekpebi nke VLAN ga-ebuga ngwugwu ahụ dabere na ozi VLAN ID dị na ngwugwu ahụ. Dịka, IEEE 802.1Q protocol na-eji VLAN kpado etiti data.
○ VLAN Broadcast Domain: VLAN ọ bụla bụ ngalaba mgbasa ozi nọọrọ onwe ya. Ọbụlagodi na ọtụtụ VLan nọ n'otu mgbanwe anụ ahụ, mgbasa ozi ha dịpụrụ adịpụ na ibe ha, na-ebelata okporo ụzọ mgbasa ozi na-enweghị isi.
○ Mbugharị data: Mgbanwe ahụ na-ebufe ngwugwu data na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kwekọrọ dịka mkpado VLAN dị iche iche. Ọ bụrụ na ngwaọrụ dị n'etiti VLan dị iche iche kwesịrị ịkparịta ụka, a ga-ebuga ha site na ngwaọrụ oyi akwa 3, dị ka ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu.
Were ya na ị nwere ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba, nke ọ bụla na-eji VLAN dị iche. Site na ngbanwe, ị nwere ike kewaa ngwaọrụ niile dị na ngalaba ego na VLAN 10, ndị nọ na ngalaba ahịa na VLAN 20, na ndị nọ na ngalaba teknụzụ na VLAN 30. N'ụzọ dị otú a, netwọk dị n'etiti ngalaba dịpụrụ adịpụ kpamkpam.
Uru
○ Nchekwa emelitere: VLAN nwere ike igbochi ohere na-enweghị ikike n'etiti VLan dị iche iche site n'ikewa ọrụ dị iche iche na netwọk dị iche iche.
○ Njikwa okporo ụzọ netwọkụ: Site na ikenye VLan, enwere ike zere oke ikuku mgbasa ozi yana netwọk nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. A ga-agbasa naanị ngwugwu mgbasa ozi n'ime VLAN, na-ebelata ojiji bandwit.
○ Mgbanwe netwọkụ: VLAN nwere ike kesaa netwọkụ ahụ n'ụzọ dị nro dịka mkpa azụmahịa siri dị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịnye ngwaọrụ ndị dị na ngalaba ego na otu VLAN ọbụlagodi na ha nọ n'anụ ahụ n'ala dị iche iche.
Oke
○ Mbelata oke: Dị ka VLan na-adabere na mgba ọkụ ọdịnala na nkwado ruo 4096 VLan, nke a nwere ike ịghọ ihe mgbochi maka nnukwu netwọkụ ma ọ bụ nnukwu gburugburu gburugburu.
○ Nsogbu Njikọ Cross-domain: VLAN bụ netwọk mpaghara, nkwurịta okwu cross-VLAN kwesịrị ime site na ngbanwe oyi akwa atọ ma ọ bụ rawụta, nke nwere ike ịbawanye mgbagwoju anya nke netwọk ahụ.
Ọnọdụ ngwa
○ Kewapụ na Nchekwa na netwọkụ Enterprise: A na-eji VLan eme ihe na netwọk ụlọ ọrụ, karịsịa na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ngalaba. Enwere ike ijide n'aka na nchekwa na ịnweta netwọkụ ahụ site n'ikewa ngalaba dị iche iche ma ọ bụ usoro azụmahịa site na VLAN. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngalaba ego ga-anọkarị na VLAN dị iche site na ngalaba R&D iji zere ịnweta enweghị ikike.
○ Belata Mgbasa Ozi Mgbasa Ozi: VLAN na-enyere aka igbochi okporo ụzọ mgbasa ozi. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ngwugwu mgbasa ozi ga-agbasa na netwọkụ niile, mana na gburugburu VLAN, a ga-agbasa okporo ụzọ mgbasa ozi naanị n'ime VLAN, nke na-ebelata nke ọma ibu netwọkụ nke ikuku mgbasa ozi kpatara.
○ Obere ma ọ bụ nke etiti mpaghara netwọkụ mpaghara: Maka ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ obere na obere ụlọ ọrụ, VLAN na-enye ụzọ dị mfe ma dị irè iji wuo netwọk dịpụrụ adịpụ, na-eme ka njikwa netwọk dịkwuo mfe.
VXLAN (Virtual Extended Mpaghara netwọk)
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) bụ teknụzụ ọhụrụ ewepụtara iji dozie mmachi nke VLAN ọdịnala na nnukwu data center na gburugburu ebe obibi mebere. Ọ na-eji teknụzụ encapsulation iji nyefee ngwugwu data oyi akwa 2 (L2) site na netwọkụ Layer 3 (L3) dị adị, nke na-agbaji site na mmachi scalability nke VLAN.
Site tunneling technology na encapsulation usoro, VXLAN "kechie" mbụ oyi akwa 2 data ngwugwu na oyi akwa 3 IP data ngwugwu, nke mere na data ngwugwu nwere ike ibunye na data IP netwọk. Isi nke VXLAN dị na ntinye ya na usoro enweghị ike, ya bụ, usoro data L2 ọdịnala na-ekpuchi ya site na usoro UDP ma bufee ya site na netwọk IP.
Usoro ọrụ
○ VXLAN nkụnye eji isi mee: Na mmejuputa VXLAN, a ga-ekpuchi ngwugwu oyi akwa 2 ọ bụla dị ka ngwugwu UDP. VXLAN encapsulation gụnyere: VXLAN netwọk nchọpụta (VNI), UDP nkụnye eji isi mee, IP nkụnye eji isi mee na ozi ndị ọzọ.
○ Ọwara Ọwara (VTEP): VXLAN na-eji teknụzụ tunneling na ngwugwu na-ekpuchi ma na-emechighị ya site na otu ụzọ VTEP ngwaọrụ. VTEP, VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, bụ àkwà mmiri jikọtara VLAN na VXLAN. VTEP na-ekpuchi ngwugwu L2 anatara dị ka ngwugwu VXLAN wee ziga ha na ebe VTEP na-aga, nke n'aka nke a na-ewepụ ngwugwu ndị ahụ ekpuchiri n'ime ngwugwu L2 mbụ.
○ Usoro ntinye nke VXLAN: Mgbe itinyere nkụnye eji isi mee VXLAN na ngwugwu data mbụ, a ga-ebufe ngwugwu data na ebe VTEP na-aga site na netwọk IP. Ebe VTEP na-aga na-ewepụ ngwugwu ahụ ma bufee ya na nnata ziri ezi dabere na ozi VNI.
Uru
○ Scalable: VXLAN na-akwado ihe ruru nde 16 Virtual Networks (VNI), karịa ihe nchọpụta VLAN 4096, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka nnukwu ebe data na gburugburu igwe ojii.
○ Nkwado Center Cross-data: VXLAN nwere ike ịgbatị netwọk mebere n'etiti ọtụtụ ebe data dị na mpaghara mpaghara dị iche iche, na-emebi njedebe nke VLAN ọdịnala, yana dabara adaba maka igwe ojii mgbako ọgbara ọhụrụ na gburugburu njiri mara.
○ Simplify Data Center Network: Site na VXLAN, ngwaọrụ ngwaike sitere na ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche nwere ike ịmekọrịta, na-akwado gburugburu ọtụtụ ndị nwe ụlọ, ma mee ka nhazi netwọkụ nke ebe data buru ibu dị mfe.
Oke
○ Mgbagwoju anya dị elu: Nhazi nke VXLAN dị mgbagwoju anya, gụnyere mkpuchi ọwara, nhazi VTEP, wdg, nke chọrọ nkwado nkwado teknụzụ ọzọ ma na-abawanye mgbagwoju anya nke ọrụ na mmezi.
○ Latency netwọk: N'ihi nhazi ndị ọzọ chọrọ site na usoro nke encapsulation na unencapsulation, VXLAN nwere ike iwebata ụfọdụ latency netwọk, ọ bụ ezie na nkwụsịtụ a na-adịkarị obere, ma ọ ka kwesịrị ka a mara ya na gburugburu ebe dị elu na-achọsi ike.
Ngwa VXLAN
○ Data Center Network Virtualization: A na-eji VXLAN eme ihe na ebe nchekwa data buru ibu. Sava na ebe data na-ejikarị teknụzụ virtualization, VXLAN nwere ike inye aka ịmepụta netwọk mebere n'etiti sava anụ ahụ dị iche iche, na-ezere njedebe nke VLAN na scalability.
○ Multi-tenant Cloud Environment: N'ime igwe ojii ma ọ bụ nkeonwe, VXLAN nwere ike ịnye netwọk mebere onwe onye maka onye nwe ụlọ ma chọpụta netwọkụ onye nwe ụlọ ọ bụla site na VNI. Akụkụ a nke VXLAN dabara nke ọma maka mgbakọ igwe ojii ọgbara ọhụrụ yana gburugburu ọtụtụ ndị nwe ụlọ.
○ Ịkọba netwọkụ n'ofe data data: VXLAN dabara adaba maka ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ebe achọrọ ibuga netwọkụ mebere gafee ọtụtụ ebe data ma ọ bụ mpaghara ala. N'ihi na VXLAN na-eji netwọk IP maka encapsulation, ọ na-enwe ike ịgbasa ebe dị iche iche data na ebe dị iche iche iji nweta mgbasawanye netwọkụ mebere n'ogo zuru ụwa ọnụ.
VLAN vs VxLAN
VLAN na VXLAN abụọ bụ teknụzụ mebere netwọkụ, mana ha dabara maka ọnọdụ ngwa dị iche iche. VLAN dabara maka mpaghara netwọkụ pere mpe ma ọ bụ nke ọkara, ma nwee ike ịnye ikewapụ netwọkụ na nchekwa. Ike ya dabere na ịdị mfe ya, ịdị mfe nhazi, na nkwado sara mbara.
VXLAN bụ teknụzụ emebere iji nagide mkpa maka mgbasawanye netwọkụ buru ibu na ebe data ọgbara ọhụrụ yana gburugburu igwe ojii. Ike nke VXLAN dabere na ikike ya ịkwado ọtụtụ nde netwọkụ mebere, na-eme ka ọ dabara maka ibugharị netwọkụ mebere n'ofe data data. Ọ na-agbaji site na mmachi nke VLAN na scalability, ma dabara maka imewe netwọk dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ọ bụ ezie na aha VXLAN yiri ka ọ bụ ụkpụrụ ndọtị nke VLAN, n'ezie, VXLAN adịla nnọọ iche na VLAN site n'ikike ya iji wuo tunnels mebere. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ha bụ ndị a:
Njirimara | VLAN | VXLAN |
|---|---|---|
| Ọkọlọtọ | IEEE 802.1Q | RFC 7348 (IETF) |
| oyi akwa | Layer 2 (njikọ data) | Layer 2 n'elu oyi akwa 3 (L2oL3) |
| Encapsulation | 802.1Q Ethernet nkụnye eji isi mee | MAC-in-UDP (nke etinyere na IP) |
| Nha ID | 12-bit (0-4095 VLAN) | 24-bit (16.7 nde VNIs) |
| scalability | Oke (4094 VLAN eji arụ ọrụ) | Enwere ike ịgbatị nke ukwuu (na-akwado igwe ojii ọtụtụ ndị nwe ụlọ) |
| Ijikwa mgbasa ozi | Iju mmiri ọdịnala (n'ime VLAN) | Na-eji IP multicast ma ọ bụ ntụgharị isi-isi |
| N'elu | Obere (mkpado VLAN 4-byte) | Elu (~ 50 bytes: UDP + IP + VXLAN nkụnye eji isi mee) |
| Mwepu okporo ụzọ | Ee (kwa VLAN) | Ee (kwa VNI) |
| Tunneling | Enweghị tunneling (flat L2) | Na-eji VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints) |
| Jiri Okwu | Obere/ọkara LAN, netwọk ụlọ ọrụ | Ebe data igwe ojii, SDN, VMware NSX, Cisco ACI |
| Ndabere nke Osisi STP (STP). | Ee (iji gbochie loops) | Mba (na-eji ụzọ Layer 3, na-ezere okwu STP) |
| Nkwado ngwaike | Na-akwado na mgba ọkụ niile | Chọrọ mgbanwe mgbanwe/NIC nwere ike VXLAN (ma ọ bụ VTEP sọftụwia) |
| Nkwado ngagharị | Oke (n'ime otu ngalaba L2) | Mma (VM nwere ike ịgafe n'ofe subnets) |
Kedu ihe Mylinking™ Network Packet Broker nwere ike ime maka teknụzụ mebere netwọkụ?
Akpadoro VLAN, VLAN enweghị akara, VLAN dochie anya:
Kwado ndakọrịta nke mpaghara igodo ọ bụla na 128 bytes mbụ nke ngwugwu. Onye ọrụ nwere ike hazie uru nkwụghachi na ogologo mpaghara isi na ọdịnaya, wee chọpụta amụma mmepụta okporo ụzọ dịka nhazi onye ọrụ si dị.
Mwepu mkpuchi ọwara:
Kwadoro VxLAN, VLAN, GRE, GTP, MPLS, isi okwu IPIP n'ime ngwungwu data mbụ wee bugharịa ya.
Nchọpụta Protocol Tunneling
Na-akwado na-akpaghị aka chọpụta usoro dị iche iche tunneling dị ka GTP / GRE / PPTP / L2TP / PPPOE/IPIP. Dị ka nhazi onye ọrụ si dị, a pụrụ ime atụmatụ mmepụta okporo ụzọ dịka n'ime ma ọ bụ n'elu oyi akwa nke ọwara
Ị nwere ike ịlele ebe a maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara yaBroker ngwugwu netwọk.
Oge nzipu: Jun-25-2025
